exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
master; Your Lordship; My Lord; husband
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
distance; range; difference (e.g. in opinion); gap; metric
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
number one; first; best; most; game; round
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
somehow; for some reason (or other); without knowing why
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...