counter for places (offices, facilities, stations)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
back-to-back; facing in opposite directions; two sides of the same coin; inextricably linked (esp. with something dangerous or undesirable); on bad terms; at odds
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to put one's hand on; to touch
height (of a person); stature
difference; variation; difference
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to measure; to weigh; to survey; to conjecture; to infer; to surmise
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to grow taller (of people)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is that so?; I see; right; oh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to grow up; to become an adult
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be needed; to be necessary; to be required; to be wanted; to need; to want
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!