indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(personal) appearance; (personal) grooming; essential skill; required knowledge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
opinion; view; comment; scolding; reprimand; rebuke
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
that day; the very same day
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
make-up; makeup; making food (in a delivery-only restaurant); cooking
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
attire; dress; clothes; clothing; costume; garb
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
centre; center; pivot; central nervous system
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
always; constantly; at all times; habitually