why; how; for what reason
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the matter in question
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
height (of a person); stature
build; physique; frame; constitution
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
to wear glasses; to put on glasses
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
school record; scholastic performance
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
a gap develops; a significant difference emerges
difference; variation; difference
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
action committee; executive committee
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...