prefix for forming ordinal numbers
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
delivery (of a package, goods, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
don't you think?; indicates question
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
the place for; the time for; the level of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
protagonist; main character; hero; head (of a household); proprietor (of a store)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to speak; to tell; to be called
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
concept; general idea; notion; intention; aim; design
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
brute force approach (esp. in a video game)
settlement; solution; resolution
obstacle; impediment; disability; handicap; steeplechase; obstacle race