this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
on the occasion of; at the time of
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
proofreading; calibration
efforts; exertion; endeavour; assistance; services
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
people; (all) persons; everyone; (arch.) you (usu. plural)
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
to say; to tell; to state; to do
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
clear; precise; definite; distinct
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
what kind of; what sort of; what
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to say; to speak; to tell; to be called
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
consent; agreement; acceptance; understanding; satisfaction (e.g. with an explanation); being convinced
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to be able (to); to be possible (to)