indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
don't you think?; indicates question
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
royal capital; imperial capital
to (finally) arrive at; to reach (at last); to (manage to) get to; to find one's way to
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
greeting; a fine thing to say
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to present; to do (for someone)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
empress or imperial consort's bridal entry into the court
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
as (for); for; in the capacity of
inner palace (reserved for women); harem; seraglio; consort of the emperor
law; regulation; rule; code; agreement; arrangement
to imitate; to follow; to copy; to emulate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
like this; in this way; as you see
way of talking; speaking style
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
inarticulate; clumsy with words; poor at speaking
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
silence; being silent; quiet; reticence; inaction
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
court lady; lady-in-waiting
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that