volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
it's been a long time; long time no see
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
(one's) figure; build; physique; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to have the privilege of doing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
by all rights; properly speaking; legally speaking
paper width; allotted number of pages (e.g. for article in magazine); assigned space; binding for calligraphy and paintings
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut up; to cleave; to spare (time, money, etc.); to use part of something; (arch.) to have a tattoo in the corner of one's eye
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
first day (e.g. at work, school); day one
4th day of the month; four days
up through; up until; down to; from ... to ... (e.g. from head to toe); everything from ... to ...
explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
unfortunately; regrettably
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...