goes without saying; needless to say; obvious
writing implement; writing tool
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
existence; being; presence
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
skin; hide; rind; peel; shell; sheath
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
order; system; the establishment; (ruling) regime; structural plan; body plan
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
factory; plant; mill; workshop
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
why; how; for what reason
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
regret; repentance; remorse
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can