main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
thanks to your assistance; thanks to your help; thanks to your support
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
wood-block printing; publication
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled; to be granted; to be answered (of a prayer); to be requited (of love)
number of pages; page space
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
for a long time; at (great) length; lengthily; (extending) far; (stretching) out; (lying down) at full length
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
electronic book; e-book; electronic banking; electron beam; exchangeable bond
edition; version; plate; block; counter for editions of a publication
somewhat; to some extent; to some degree; some; part; portion
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change direction (of policy, etc.); (lit.) to turn the rudder (of a ship)
original (written) work (i.e. a new novel, play, music, etc.); newly written work; specially written work; writing (a new work) specially (for a publication, film, exhibition, etc.)
episode; anecdote; vignette; episode
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)