indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
profound; deep; deep (of a cave, etc.); innermost; interior
great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
throne; (the place of) a nobleman's seat
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to whirl; to eddy; to swirl; to whirl around (of feelings, thoughts, etc.); to swirl around; to surge
miasma ("bad air" formerly believed to cause disease)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
leaf (of a tree); tree leaves; foliage
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
hell realm; Naraka; Hell; hell; misery; place where a volcano or hot springs constantly spew smoke or steam
to change (into); to turn (into); to transform (into); to influence
to face; to go towards; to head towards
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
centre; center; pivot; central nervous system
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
distorted; crooked; oval; elliptical shape; round, wooden container for cooked rice; oval coin
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
nobleman's illegitimate child; product (of e.g. war); offspring; aftermath
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
lower grade; low class; junior (officer)
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
to draw (a thread); to let out (e.g. a rope); to head out as a group; to set out in large numbers; to send out one after another; to dispatch
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
imbalance; disproportion; disparity; mismatch; asymmetry
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
fresh; refreshing; invigorating; clear (voice); fluent (speech); eloquent
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass