indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
reclamation (e.g. of wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. of a new market); breaking new ground
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
field (for growing wheat, fruit, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
mainly; primarily; mostly; largely; chiefly
wheat; barley; oat (oats)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
distribution (e.g. films, rice); rationing (e.g. food, gasoline); food ration
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
as a child; when one was a child
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season