prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reclamation (e.g. of wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. of a new market); breaking new ground
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
family name; house name; family honour; family honor
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
spouse; wife; husband; partner
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and then; in addition to that; also; even so
other; another; over; more than; I; me
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
legal wife (of a noble) (as opposed to a concubine); room for receiving guests; heir; successor
appointment; nomination; ordination; commission; designation
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
really; truly; indeed; very; extremely; terribly
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to start to say; to attempt to say; to be about to say; to speak to; to address