indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
invitation; introduction; temptation
extermination; elimination; renouncing worldly desires (in order to concentrate on Buddhist teachings); curing (an illness)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
Luan; Rouen (France); Rouyn (Canada)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
that night; that evening; over the course of the evening
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
learning by ear; memory of having heard something before
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
(and) then; and; thereupon; in that case; then; so
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
although I say; although one might say; although called
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
centimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to float; to become merry; to be cheerful; to become loose; to become unsteady; to feel out of it; to be cut off (e.g. from those around you)
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
why; how; for what reason
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
summons; subpoena; citation; summoning (a spirit, demon, etc.); evocation; invocation