summons; subpoena; citation; summoning (a spirit, demon, etc.); evocation; invocation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to paw (at) the ground; to struggle (using one's arms and legs); to flounder; to struggle (to escape an adverse situation); to strive
rubble; debris; wreckage; trash; rubbish
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nothing but; except; no more than
existence; being; presence
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to swallow up (in a crowd, whirlpool, the darkness, etc.); to suck in
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
to change color (of leaves in autumn); to turn red; to ripen (and change color); to become sexually aware; to reach puberty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
light and darkness; light and shade
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
counter for thin, flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper, plates, coins); counter for portions of gyōza or soba; counter for ranks; counter for wrestlers of a particular rank; counter for fields or rice paddies; counter for palanquin bearers
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
astonishment; amazement; surprise; fright; shock
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to choke; to have trouble breathing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
imagination; supposition; guess
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
magnificent; grand; splendid; imposing