country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
(foreign) trade; (international) commerce; importing and exporting
concentration (on a task); focusing one's attention; concentration (of population, buildings, power, etc.); centralization; within a collection of works
gate guard (during the ritsuryō system); gate guardian; young forced labour (ritsuryō system)
within the country; inside the county; domestic; home; internal
to surround; to crowd around; to gather around; to encircle; to besiege
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
along; parallel to; in accordance with
to plant; to grow; to insert; to transplant; to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent); to instill (idea, value, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
special; particular; peculiar; unique
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
worm; worm; worm (lure); soft plastic lure
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
hornworm (caterpillar of a hawk moth); (hairless) caterpillar
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
living thing; living creature; animal; life
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
since the beginning; natural-born (salesman, etc.); absolutely (not); (not) at all
toxin; poisonous substance
to allow (someone or something) to come near; to let get close
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
to spread its roots (of a tree, etc.); to take root (of an ideology, etc.); to put down roots; to settle down (in a place)
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
wheat; barley; oat (oats)
male flower; staminate flower
female flower; pistillate flower
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
ear (of a cereal plant); head; point (of a brush, spear, etc.); tip; crest (of a wave); scion (in grafting)
to bear fruit; to ripen; to produce (good) results; to show results; to bear fruit