that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unexpected; contrary to expectations; by chance; casual
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(on) horseback; riding a horse
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
to stare in wonder; to be amazed
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reaction; response; physical reaction (to a stimulus); observable response (of an organism); reaction; effect
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
royal capital; imperial capital
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
why; how; for what reason
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
(within a) territory; domains
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
whispering; whisper; secret talk; murmur
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
equal; identical; the same; no different (from); just like; equivalent
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault