main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
author; writer; novelist; artist
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
living thing; living creature; animal; life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
tendency; trend; inclination
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
self-awareness; awareness (of one's position, abilities, duty, etc.); perceiving (something); taking in (a sensation); self-consciousness
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
the current ...; this; today's ...
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
online dating app; match-making app
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
chance; start; opportunity; cause; reason; excuse
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
entrance (on the stage); appearance (in a book, film, etc.); appearance (on the scene); arrival (on the market); emergence
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
main; principal; main dish; main course; main part; principal part
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding