indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to find out; to discover; to locate
as much as one wants; as many as one wants; all that one wishes for
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander about; to roam about; to knock around
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
note left by a dead person; suicide note; testamentary letter; posthumous work
record of proceedings; minutes
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
family of samurai lineage; person with samurai ancestors; shizoku; the second of three official classes in Japan in 1869-1947, consisting of former samurai
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
having an ancient and honorable origin; of good lineage; of noble birth
aristocracy system; aristocracy
abolition; discontinuance; discontinuation; repeal; annulment
now; the present time; just now; another; more
still; yet; more; still more; furthermore; in addition
wealthy person; millionaire
distinguished family; good family; great master; expert; Meika; kuge family class ranking above Hanke and below Urinke
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
future; (future) prospects; bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.); bringing about; giving rise to
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)