when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
seven wonders (of a particular area); total mystery; enigma; conundrum
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
that day; the very same day
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
isolated; standing alone; falling in drops (e.g. rain); saying a single word; muttering just a few words
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
being attached (to); being affiliated (to); belonging (to); attached school; affiliated school
contemporary writing; modern text; modern Japanese writing; modern Japanese (as a school subject); literature written since the Meiji period
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to impose (a tax, fine, etc.); to levy; to assign (a task, duty, etc.); to give; to set
writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition; formal writing with little real meaning
material; materials; data; information; documents
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
remnant; fragment; fraction; odd sum; halfway; half-hearted
marks; points; score; number of items; number of articles
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
probably not; probably won't; intend not to; will not; trying not to; attempting not to; whether you ... or not
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor