first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
people; (all) persons; everyone; (arch.) you (usu. plural)
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
to say; to tell; to state; to do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
finishing (a race); running the whole distance; reaching the goal; staying the course
leading actor; star; leading figure; central figure; key figure
maximum; to the maximum degree; to the full; at a maximum
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
junior high school student; middle school pupil
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
senior high school student
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
at that time; in those days
absorbed in; immersed in; forgetting oneself; daze; within a dream; while dreaming
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
to climb over; to get over; to overcome (a difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to surmount; to surpass (a predecessor); to overtake
to be helpful; to help; to be of assistance; to come in handy
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)