indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
it's been a long time; long time no see
writer; painter; drawer; skilful writer; skilful painter
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
one's turn; one's shift; one's turn on stage; screen time; one's time (to act); one's chance
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
demon; devil; -crazed person; -obsessed person; dreaded; terrible
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to decline (of morals, character, etc.); to become vulgar (e.g. of a conversation); to stoop (to); to be ruined; to go under; to fall (into hell)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
insult; affront; disgrace; sexual assault; rape
scene; sight; scenario; setting
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
increase in amount; increase in quantity; increase in volume
writing; composition; essay; sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to be convinced (that); to be under the impression (that); to make up one's mind; to set one's heart on; to be obsessed (with a thought, idea, etc.); to think about obsessively
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be conspicuous; to stand out
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)