why; how; for what reason
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
time; hour; period; class
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
first-class; first-rate; characteristic (of); peculiar (to); school (e.g. of flower arrangement); one flag
court noble; nobility; kuge; Imperial Court
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to face; to go towards; to head towards
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat; home page (of a website)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
myself; yourself; I; me; you
encounter; running into; meeting with (e.g. an accident); being confronted with (e.g. a difficulty)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
a little; a few; small; only; just; merely
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
inner thoughts; real intention; at heart; deep down; inner center (centre)
clicking one's tongue; tut-tut; smacking one's lips (with relish)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
wise; sagacious; intelligent; sensible
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)