indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
smith; blacksmith; small crowbar for extracting nails; cat's paw
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
complexion; skin tone; skin colour; countenance; look (on one's face); expression
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
shadow (e.g. on someone's happiness); cloud; shade; gloom
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
to lay (something) face down; to place upside down; to point downwards (one's eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (one's eyes); to lay (oneself) face down; to lie face down; to conceal
instant; moment; for an instant
to worry about; to be worried about; to fret about; to not know what to do; to be at a loss (as to what to do)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
again; once more; a second time
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
easy; trifling; harmless; nothing of the sort; not at all
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't worry about it; forget about it
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...