indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to compete with; to vie for
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to be fed up (with); to be tired (of); to be stumped; to be nonplussed; to wince; to shrink back
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to wear (a sword, decoration, etc.); to carry; to be entrusted with (a mission); to be charged with; to have (a quality, property, etc.); to have a trace of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
little by little; bit by bit
transition; changeover; switchover; transfer (of powers, weight, etc.); shift (e.g. of centre of gravity)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
now; the present time; just now; another; more
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
lady attendant; female servant; lady's maid; waiting maid
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go uninvited; to call on without an invitation; to barge in on; to throng to; to crowd into; to converge upon
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)