indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
royal castle; imperial castle
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to pray; to say a prayer; to say grace; to wish; to hope
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
defense; defence; guard; policing; security
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to let out; to utter; to issue; to send; to leave; to depart
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
uniform; equal; even; common; ordinary; usual
heavy (feeling, etc.); gloomy (weather, etc.); oppressive (atmosphere, etc.); stifling; strained
if; in case; supposing; worst (case); unexpected (occurence); unforeseen
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine