indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
pain; agony; suffering; distress; torment
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
beginning; outset; first; onset
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
oil; petroleum; oil; lubricant; (cooking) oil; (massage) oil; ointment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to paint; to spread; to plaster; to apply (cream, lotion); to smear; to lacquer
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
rather; better; instead; if anything
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
stealing a march on; getting a head start; secretly acting before others; solo raid on an enemy's camp (for glory)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)