reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to devise an elaborate plan; to exercise one's ingenuity; to work out a scheme
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
wise; sensible; well-advised; intelligent; sagacious; prudent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; in case; supposing; worst (case); unexpected (occurence); unforeseen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
to be packed (with); to be filled; to be blocked (of a pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to be become shorter; to shrink; to be at a loss (for)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
finally; at last; in the end; ultimately
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do (something negative); to make (a blunder); to commit (an error); to eat (up); to drink
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
(Oh) dear!; (Oh) dear me!; Good gracious
to dig one's own grave; to bring calamity upon oneself; to make a rod for one's own back
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
reasoning; inference; deduction; mystery genre; detective genre
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so