choice; selection; option
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
equality; impartiality; evenness
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
birth (esp. of a famous person); nativity
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty; to say well; to say cleverly; to say often; to say frequently
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
moment; instant; just then; right at that moment; for a moment; for an instant
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
process; course; mechanism
at (a time or place); in; in (a situation, matter, etc.); on (a point); on the part of; under the authority of
(surprise) attack; assault; raid; charge
by means of; due to; because of; according to
victim (esp. someone killed); casualty
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
student (esp. a university student)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten duodecillion; original; positive
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
sound; tone; note; ring; chirp
call; summons; convening; convocation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)