preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
skillful; skilful; delicious; tasty; good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
established fact; fait accompli
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
gradual (destruction); progressive (dismantlement)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ill will; malice; evil intent
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
unpleasant; awkward; embarrassing; uneasy
to look downwards (at); to lower one's gaze; to drop one's eyes
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to cut into (a conversation); to interject
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to