prefix for forming ordinal numbers
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
strenuous effort; hard struggle; working hard; hard fighting; fierce fighting
account; history; notice; note; Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE); Records of Ancient Matters
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
manner of speaking; mode of expression; way of saying something
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
training; education; development; cultivation
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
time; hour; period; class
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
homeroom; form room; form class
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
by the way; incidentally; well; even if; no matter (what, where, how, etc.)
club activities; extracurricular activities
pupil; student; schoolchild
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
returning home; going home; coming home; getting home
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
at present; currently; so far; for now; for the time being
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
department (in an organization, company, etc.); division; club (at a school, university, etc.); team; part; portion
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise