preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
dozens; scores of; decades
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
dark clouds; black clouds
in an instant; in a flash; in the blink of an eye; in no time at all; just like that
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover fully; to wrap around
large drop (of rain, sweat, tears, etc.); large grain-like object (e.g. grape, cherry)
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
quantity; amount; generosity; magnanimity; pramana (means by which one gains accurate and valid knowledge; in Indian philosophy)
a few seconds; several seconds
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
downpour; pouring rain; heavy rain; pelting rain; cloudburst
torrential rain; heavy rain; cloudburst; downpour
earth; ground; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to strike; to hit; to attack; to bash; to sound out (someone's views); to pound (meat or fish); to chop into small pieces
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
now; the present time; just now; another; more
time; season; period; phase; stage
(sudden, heavy) shower (on a summer afternoon or evening); evening shower
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work