exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
piercing; shrill; noisy; loud; clamorous; wild
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pick up; to adopt (a proposal); to take up (a topic); to take issue with; to make a problem of; to report (news); to cover
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to turn over; to turn (pages); to leaf through (a book, etc.); to tear off; to strip off; to take off
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
serious; earnest; sober; honest; sincere
dealing with (people, customers, complaints, etc.); receiving (callers, visitors, etc.); attending to; handling; serving
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
director; executive; officer; official; person in charge
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; (already) enough; considerably
to take an attitude; to take a stance; to commit oneself; to assume a position
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing