character (in a play, novel, film, etc.); dramatis personae
introduction; presentation; referral; showcase (of a product)
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to rise (suddenly) in the world (to a higher position)
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
and (concurrently; e.g. chauffeur and secretary); in addition to; at the same time; cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study)
distinguished family; good family; great master; expert; Meika; kuge family class ranking above Hanke and below Urinke
(present) head of a family
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
to rise perpendicularly; to tower steeply
cliff; precipice; precipice; brink of a dangerous situation
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
to blow fiercely; to rage; (arch.) to play (a flute, etc.) for fun
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis