preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
plural; multiple; plural (number)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
western edge (e.g. of city); west side
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to face on; to look out on to
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryō system)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
magnificent; grand; majestic; splendid
to lie deep in; to extend far back
at; in; at; when; by; with
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
private talk; confidential talk; secret talk
such; like that; that sort of
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc., esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to know; to be aware (of); to be acquainted (with); to think; to consider; to believe
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
final; eventual; ultimate
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable