Qing dynasty (of China; 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
two persons; two people; pair; couple
schoolgirl; female student
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
to face each other; to be opposite (to)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
planning; plan; project; arrangements
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to tell; to state; to do
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
head of the student council; president of the student council
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
to deal a blow in return; to hit back; to punch back; to reject; to send back
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
beauty contest to name Miss ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
product; produce; result; fruit
revival (of an old system, custom, fashion, etc.); restoration; return; resurrection; rebirth
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think (something) is improper; to question; to have a problem with
pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
to face; to go towards; to head towards
another (person); the other person; one more (person)