thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
collection of short stories; collected short stories
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
three; three years of age
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
short story; short film; short poem
while; even though; despite
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
long work; (full-length) novel; feature-length film; long poem
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
hop; hopping; jumping on one foot
step (of a staircase, etc.); running board (of a bus, train); step (movement); pace; (dance) step; step (in a process)
jump; jumping event (skiing, track and field); jumping (to another page after clicking a hyperlink); jump (in price); sudden rise
such ... as; or some such
feeling; sense; impression
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
happiness; blessedness; proving fortunate; yielding positive outcome; luckily; fortunately
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and