indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recall; to remember; to recollect
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at that time; in those days
parent; parents; dealer; banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
nothing but; except; no more than
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to put on clothes; to wear clothes; to be the personification of
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!