main topic; main subject; main issue; this subject
preface; introduction; preamble
(walking) stick; cane; wand
teacher's cane; teacher's pointer
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
stinginess; miserliness; parsimony
metre (unit of length); meter; meter; gauge
standard (for weights and measures)
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type
great achievement; great feat; great work; great undertaking
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
price; cost; value; worth; value
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
to overwhelm (e.g. an opponent); to overpower; to overwhelm (someone with emotion); to move; to intimidate; to frighten
society; public; community; social studies
rewriting (e.g. of a book); renewal (of a license, bond, etc.); transfer (of ownership); putting (something) in another's name
generation; lifetime; age
to accomplish; to achieve; to complete; to carry out; to carry through
conversion; diversion; changeover; commutation; switchover
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
life expectancy (at birth); average life span; mean lifetime
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
epidemic; plague; pestilence
to be visible; to be clear; to be evident; to be certain
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
parent; parents; dealer; banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
century; hundred years; (fig.) a long time
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
hygiene; sanitation; cleanliness; toilet; restroom; bathroom
idea; notion; sense (e.g. of duty); resignation (to one's fate); acceptance; observation and contemplation
to become extremely serious (in attitude); to look solemn; to assume a solemn air