one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
kagami mochi; New Year offering consisting of two mochi stacked on each other with a bitter orange on top, cut and eaten on January 11
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dark red; dark brown; reddish brown
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
lying down and getting up; waking; getting up; living (with); staying (with)
drizzling (rain); blearily; weakly (blinking); dejectedly; gloomily
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
to look around; to survey
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
left; left-hand side; left hand; the left (wing); leftist; fondness for alcohol
right; right-hand side; right hand; the above (in a piece of vertical writing); above-mentioned; the right (wing)
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
winding; meandering; wriggling; wiggling; waving; swaying
winding; meandering; zigzagging; zig-zag; in twists and turns; sinuously
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
suddenly and forcefully (e.g. jerk, poke, shove); in a single gulp; in one go
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
exposed; scanty; bare; public; open
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of