talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
if it is (the case that ...)
some; (a) little; somewhat; to some extent; in part
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
last third of a month; 21st to the last day of a month
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to work hard; to work diligently; to do one's best; to try one's hardest
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
newly arrived; newly received
trade fair; exhibition center; instant messenger
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon