life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
something unusual; something wrong; mishap; accident; serious condition (e.g. after an injury); different situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
ceiling; ceiling (e.g. of share price); ceiling price
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
in some way or other; one way or another; somehow; only just; barely
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
basement floor; underground floor
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
accompanying (someone); going with; travelling together; the same bank; the said bank
without; but if; otherwise; or else
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; the present time; just now; another; more
storehouse; warehouse; godown
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
stairs; stairs at the front of a noh stage
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
benefactor; patron; person to whom one owes a great deal; person to whom one is (deeply) indebted
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes