now; the present time; just now; another; more
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
10th day of the month; ten days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to challenge (esp. in a lawsuit); to take on an opponent (in negotiations, contest, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to (hit and) crush; to smash; to squash; to defeat soundly; to crush (an opponent, hopes, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to compare; to make a comparison (between); to compete (on); to measure (one's strength, ability, etc. against another's)
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
printed edition (of a book, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
main spindle; main shaft; linchpin; pivot; principal axis; main axis