indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; paw!; shake!
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
surprisingly; astonishingly; amazingly; alarmingly
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
counter for books; volume
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
standalone book (i.e. not part of an anthology, series, etc.); (book published as a) single volume; tankōbon; individual volume of a manga series
sale; offering for sale; putting on sale; putting on the market; release (for sale)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
chance; opportunity; occasion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be blessed with; to be rich in; to abound in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to receive favor; to receive assistance; to receive help; to be looked after; to be taken care of; to become dependent (on)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
already; now; no longer; not any more
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to head towards; to direct one's steps to
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)