exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
magic tool (in fiction); magical item
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
crystal; crystallization; crystallisation; fruits (of labor, union, etc.)
March; third month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
near; close (to); nearby; (drawing) near; approaching; almost here
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
morning and evening; all the time; always; every day
getting (very) cold; becoming (much) colder; chill; cooling down (of economic activity); slowdown; decline
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
(made of) stone; stone-built
stairs; stairway; staircase
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to warm (up); to heat (up); to sit on (an idea, plan, etc.); to keep to oneself; to renew (an old friendship); to take for oneself
part of the feet from the ankles to the tips of the toes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to cool; to chill; to calm down; to cool off; to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
antiquity; the previous era
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
life; living; I; me; student
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding