main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
knowing; being aware (of); (an) acquaintance
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
one day; (on) a certain day
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
transfer student; student changing schools
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to allow (someone or something) to come near; to let get close
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; the background; behind the scenes
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
(outward) looks; features; face; countenance; expression
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
birth; lineage; identity; background; provenance; origin
to sense; to perceive; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
slightly elevated; slightly higher (of a price); marginally up; edging higher
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to get (information) out of someone; to extract (information) from someone; to find out (through questioning); to begin listening (to)