exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(military) expedition; campaign; expedition (for exploration, research, etc.); travelling (a long way); tour (by a sports team, performer, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to turn (towards); to face; to head to; to go towards; to allot; to allocate
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
bringing alongside (ship, vehicle, etc.); coming alongside; mooring
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
town; city; municipal; urban
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
direction; way; point of the compass; cardinal direction; method; means
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
have to (do, be); must (do, be); is indispensable; is absolutely necessary
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
clearing one's throat; cough