indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.); admission; professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love; profession (of faith); confession (of sins)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
declining; refusal; rejection; announcement; notice
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(talent) scout; recruiter; scouting; headhunting; Boy Scouts; Girl Scouts
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
knowledge (of a skill, art, etc.); proficiency; essentials; know-how; preparedness; readiness
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
owner (esp. of a business)
as (for); for; in the capacity of
love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (minor penalty in judo)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
because of; owing to; due to
to cough violently; to have a coughing fit
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa); moutan; wild boar (meat)