indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
student (esp. a university student)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; merely; but; no more than
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one day; (on) a certain day
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
really; truly; indeed; good grief
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
on the contrary; far from it; if anything; in fact; instead