before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
news; tidings; information; correspondence; letter
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
wizard; wizard (software); setup assistant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to abbreviate; to abridge; to omit; to leave out; to take; to capture
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
how; in what way; how about
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
question; inquiry; enquiry
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to abbreviate; to abridge; to omit; to leave out; to take; to capture
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
to be at a loss; to be puzzled
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend